While walking through the exhibit area of Salesforce.com’s recent Dreamforce event in San Francisco, I was struck by large number of enterprise customers present and the low number of enterprise applications being marketed. I started to think about my experience earlier in the year helping my prior company successfully secure their Series B funding and why the word “enterprise” generates an immediate negative reaction with many venture capital firms when it comes to investing in SaaS providers offering enterprise solutions? When making the venture capital rounds earlier in the year to secure this additional funding, I was surprised by the polarity of views on enterprise applications for SaaS. One group of VC’s defined SaaS applications from a commercial market perspective … high transaction volume, low sales touch and low cost per transaction. To this group, SaaS and enterprise software were mutually exclusive. The other group of VC’s understood the higher costs associated with selling SaaS for complex enterprise requirements and saw the potential rewards. We successfully completed the funding with a group of VC firms in the later group. Their message to us was clear, we believe in the value of your business model but you must lower the cost of acquiring new customers.

The commoditization of SaaS is clearly happening in the small to medium size business market and for some enterprise market companies with relatively simple solution requirements. SaaS solution examples like Intuit’s Quicken Online and their new website building service are examples of the high volume, low sales touch, low customer acquisition cost business model. Some SaaS services offer free trials like Salesforce.com or open source downloads of their applications like Adaptive Planning to help move the prospective buyer cost effectively through the sales cycle. The sales “touch” of this style of selling is typically sending additional information via email, using web seminars and using telesales representatives to close the deal and complete the transaction. For prospective customers who need a straight-forward application that requires little or no professional services assistance for implementation, the cost of customer acquisition can be lowered significantly. It’s very understandable why some VCs only want to invest in the commoditization of SaaS with its high-volume and low-cost of sales. Can the lessons learned in this process of commoditization be applied to SaaS based enterprise solutions targeting companies with complex application needs or implementation requirements?

The answer is yes… and no. Certainly, the days of high touch enterprise style selling in the SaaS marketplace are not over yet but change needs to happen. Enterprise companies with sophisticated business requirements want to evaluate SaaS solutions but need a “high touch” approach to working with the software vendor. This typically involves lengthy requests for proposals, face-to-face meetings with executives, users and IT, customized demos, pilot programs and site visits to the vendor’s data center or reference accounts. I am sure that selling Salesforce.com to Dell or Successfactors to Siemens was not accomplished with just a free trial, web seminar and telesales rep. The challenge is in how to effectively start moving these more complex sales towards a lower customer acquisition cost business model. Here are ten ideas to reduce customer acquisition cost for a SaaS vendor to consider when selling into the enterprise market …

1) Develop, document and articulate a high impact solution methodology that can provide a prospective enterprise market customer with a clear roadmap on how the SaaS application integrates into their business requirements. A solution methodology typically involves documenting how real world business processes map to the SaaS solution and how the SaaS solution can be successfully implemented without the need for extensive consulting.

2) Use web marketing effectively to improve the quality, quantity and impact of information for the enterprise company buyer. Answer the prospect’s questions before they ask them using Flash based graphical displays, testimonials, videos, structured demos, FAQs and case studies. Web based training materials can be very instrumental in helping a company though the evaluation process.

3) Leverage social networking techniques and processes to allow prospective customers to tap into the collective knowledge of your customer base to help them through the purchase process. Of course, this implies that you are maintaining very high levels of customer satisfaction and you can filter information as needed. Suffice to say, there’s an inverse relationship between customer acquisition costs and customer satisfaction.

4) Use web conferencing technology as an alternative to on-site visits. The quality of web conferencing for both audio and video has improved dramatically over the past few years while dropping in cost. Using web conferencing to stage demos for more than one prospect also helps to reduce selling costs.

5) Organize group visits to data centers or training facilities. A large enterprise company that I worked for a few years ago would stage CIO conferences that included a visit to their data center so they could reduce the number of one-off site visits. This also allowed prospective buyers to meet and network with key vendor staff and existing customers.

6) Focus on cutting the cost of lead and opportunity generation. It’s all about conversion rates…. lead to qualified sales opportunity, sales opportunity-to-close. For SaaS-based applications designed for defined markets, target marketing to specific market segments can be much more effective than broad-based marketing to diverse market segments. The velocity of conversions from responses to leads or leads to opportunities has definitely slowed through the course of this recession. Improving the conversion rate from leads to opportunities by using lead scoring and lead nurturing techniques can significantly improve the ROI of marketing programs.

7) If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it. Taking a disciplined approach to using CRM, analytics and marketing automation to measure, monitor and manage sales and marketing results is key to cutting customer acquisition costs. If you don’t know what your pipeline metrics or your customer acquisition costs are, I doubt if you will be able to manage them effectively.

8) Know a duck when you see one, particularly when it comes to enterprise sales. Actively manage the sales cycle and accurately access the reality of each sales situation. Chasing enterprise deals that are not properly qualified will most likely not close and will dramatically increase your customer acquisition cost.

9) Drive your order processing costs down. Make your pricing and contractual models easy to access and understand. Complex pricing and contracts beg for long and costly negotiation cycles. Utilize SaaS focused billing solutions from companies like Dreamforce exhibitor Zuora to help simplify the process and reduce costs. One company that I spoke to at Dreamforce told me that their internal cost to process an individual order exceeded a thousand dollars.

10) Automate as much of the implementation and data integration process as possible, articulate an implementation methodology and make configuration an end user process. This is a significant challenge for SaaS based enterprise solutions because implementations are typically complex and there is a large quantity of data that most be extracted from an in-house system, transformed and loaded into the SaaS solution. Without an efficient process or tool set to simplify implementations, the cost of sales goes up because the sales cycle is extended to explain and build confidence that the prospect’s requirements can be successfully met.

Implementing any number of these ideas will help to lower customer acquisition cost. Years ago, Salesforce.com successfully competed against Siebel Systems in large enterprise accounts by following a number of the ideas mentioned above. They showed that a complex enterprise application could be sold and delivered more cost effectively using SaaS than its licensed based counterpart. Companies like Salesforce.com and Successfactors did not turn their back on enterprise sales with its implicit high customer acquisition costs but instead adapted their sales model to lower customer acquisition costs by leveraging a balanced approach to telesales and field sales, web marketing, social networking and their most important asset… satisfied and successful customers. I doubt that selling a SaaS based application to an enterprise company with complex requirements will ever become a true commodity sale but customer acquisition costs must continue to managed and reduced. As customer acquisition costs are reduced, I am confident that VC community interest in SaaS-based enterprise solutions will soon increase.

This week’s Smart SaaS blogger is Gary Damiano.
He can be reached on LinkedIn or at gedamiano@gmail.com.

Last week at Salesforce.com’s Dreamforce conference, it was interesting to see how their Platform-as-a-Service offering, Force.com is starting to gain momentum among the Independent Software Vendor community including Computer Associates and BMC Software.

What is clear for traditional software providers who are starting think seriously about getting into the SaaS and Computing arena, it might be cheaper and faster to use a partner platform than trying to re-invent the wheel.  Both CA and BMC have resources to rewrite their older applications but it isn’t the cost that seems to drive them it is the time to market.  Force.com can provide a real advantage to software firms who have the domain expertise but lack the infrastructure and skills required to write Cloud and SaaS-based products quickly.

Other interesting aspects are that traditional ISV’s are not rewriting the old applications they have, they are re-inventing these applications leveraging newer development techniques.  CA’s Agile Planner is actually filling a hole in the company’s product portfolio and could be a logical cross-sell or up-sell product for them. BMC’s Service Desk offering is designed to dove tail with Salesforce’s Service Cloud 2 offering, and provide something else ISV’s are looking for, leverage.

I am sure that many traditional software firms will have the internal discussion about build, buy or partner their way into SaaS.  Up until recently there hasn’t been a good partner alternative for ISV’s who wanted to build their own solutions but were looking for a partner with SaaS and Cloud Computing expertise.   Even though rumors abound about Oracle looking to buy Salesforce, firms competitive to Oracle like CA and BMC are dipping their toes in the water.

For these firms leverage doesn’t just stop at the platform, Salesforce delivers a very effective go-to-market capability that few other partners can offer.  Witness the 19,000 participants at Dreamforce.  This type of reach and ability to get IT and business buyers attention might make a bet on Force.com worth the risk.  More importantly, these firms are also looking to bridge their older brands to the Cloud by bridging the Salesforce brand power.  CA and BMC aren’t the only firms interested in upgrading their image how about Dell, Callidus, Fujitsui (Glovia) and the momentum is growing.  According to the AppExchange, there are currently more than 200 native Force.com applications currently available.

While at Dreamforce I spent some time with the FinancialForce.com team at the booth and this is a really interesting story.  FinancialForce.com is a wholly owned subsidiary of a European software firm, Agresso and their CODA division.

FinancialForce.com was started about three years ago at the time that Salesforce.com initially launched the Force.com platform. Jeremy Roche the CEO at FinancialForce.com, reached out to Marc Benioff to just learn on how to build a net-new SaaS product and learned about their platform. They had a number of discussions and then finally decided to build their new accounts receivable product on Force.com in 2006.

The CODA team started out by building an integration connector Saleforce.com and the CODA2Go (On-demand version) of their Accounts Receivable module. They wanted to understand how the products worked together and that required workflow between products. It took them about a year to get comfortable with the Force.com platform, there were issues that were specific to complex ERP-like applications but Salesforce was responsive and did update the platform to support these deficiencies.

Once the new company was formed, FinancialForce.com, CODA then built out an Enterprise Service BUS (ESB) to connect their SaaS solutions with their on-premise solutions. One of FinancialForce.com’s early customers, a UK-based newspaper, were using Salesforce for their CRM requirements and CODA for their back office financials but were custom developing an invoicing/AR solution. When approached about the FinancialForce.com AR module as a possible solution, what was appealing to the customer that this solution was able to integrate to both Salesforce.com and CODA. About 6 months ago FinancialForce.com also launched their General Ledger and Accounts Payable modules and now they have a solid SMB mini-financial suite.

As more partners begin building and launching applications and businesses on top of Force.com, it is clear that the momentum is building.

Last week at Salesforce.com’s Dreamforce conference, the big news was around the launch of the new business collaboration set of platform capabilities called “Chatter”.

After updating the audience on Service and Sales Cloud 2, which both had some really cool new capabilities, Marc Benioff announced the latest Cloud offering – Chatter or the Collaboration Cloud.

This new business collaboration offering, which was never to be confused with Social CRM, consists of a wide range of Chatter platform capabilities. Many of which look very similar to Twitter, but don’t get confused, this is NOT Twitter. Although Chatter will be integrated with popular social networking sitesl like Twitter and Facebook, these integrations are only feeds into Chatter.

The key line that kept getting repeated was “Why do I know more about strangers on Facebook than I do about my own employees?” This apparently was a major driver in the development of Chatter by Salesforce.

On a funny note, during the analyst meeting, someone asked Marc if he was going provide Chatter on-premise? (Remember Salesforce is in the Cloud!) In a sarcastic reply said that he was actually packaging up the Exodata Chatter servers and that they were being shipped out to clients at the time of the launch. That got a big laugh from the audience. This was also humorous because Chatter won’t be Generally Available in the Cloud until sometime in 2010.

Key capabilities include employee profiles, status updates that are familiar with LinkedIn and Facebook, Groups, external and internal feeds, ability to share content with groups and events, alerts and notifications that allow for your apps to speak to you, an extensible API for the Force.com platform, integration with Google Docs, Twitter and Facebook. To learn more watch this Chatter demo by Parker Harris, Salesforce.com’s EVP of products of the opening day keynote.

Unlike other emerging business-related Social CRM players like Jive Software (SAP partner), Lithium, RightNow or even Oracle, Salesforce seems to be focusing much of it competitive energies against Microsoft SharePoint. I think this is probably a red herring.

Another major benefit to the Chatter strategy is the addition of a new Salesforce mascot family. Saasy now has Chatty. People were lining up to get their photo with both of these mascots… wow.

Here’s what I think the real Chatter strategy is based on…

• Stickiness. This is a ‘fun’ business application and if it is widely adopted as a business collaboration tool, it will be hard to replace. This process may take awhile for this adoption to take place but it will have lasting impact on their clients. The flip side to stickiness is that customers will be much less likely to cancel their service if they are hooked on it. With industry attrition averages between 10-20%, this could have a real hidden benefit. This is especially interesting in that they are giving the basic Chatter capability away with the basic and enterprise subscription licensing. Wonder if they have modeled out this impact?

• Barrier to entry. I think that it is interesting that Salesforce is thinking that this capability might actually upset Oracle Fusion and SAP’s next generation of SaaS offerings because it would require a rewrite of their core platforms. Actually this might make it more likely that SAP might do more than expand their partnership with Jive Software, and force them into a situation where they might have to buy them to keep up with the Benioff’s. With Fusion targeted for GA some time in 2010 (probably December), if they were to add in a robust collaboration capability, it would most certainly delay the GA, which would push Fusion into 2011. So Chatter becomes a key differentiator for Salesforce, even if it experiences low user adoption.

• Facebook and Twitter. By aligning themselves with these leading social networking platforms, Salesforce will be able to differentiate their solutions as hip compared to the older generation. With all types of younger workers continuing to move into the market, this makes Salesforce solutions possibly more interesting to the Generation Y workforce.

• Productivity. By putting collaboration (email, chat, document and knowledge management) in context to various business processes, the hidden strategic benefit might actually be a more productive workforce – closing more deals, resolving more issues, and engaging more employees. Because this is a solution that doesn’t need any training, it could be rolled out broadly without a lot of costly change management activities. Difficult to quantify this benefit but as more use cases become exposed over the next 6-12 months, this will be a really interesting benefit to solutions like Chatter.

So what are the issues with Chatter?

• Security. Kept emphasizing that Chatter has been built on a common security architecture that is the same one being used by Salesforce, which meets stringent bank-level security requirements. This actually might be a CIO selling point because it might be a way to reel in employees who are social networking with corporate information on unsecure sites like Facebook and Twitter. By integrating with them but controlling the internal networking, and not allowing export of data to these sites, the security teams can at least protect data access and distribution.

• Adoption. Salesforce has never really launched a enterprise-wide application before and Chatter is even a different animal than a traditional employee-oriented application. This is uncharted territory for Salesforce and it is unclear how rapid or widespread the adoption of their technology will be. What is good is that Marc Benioff did mention that they are not making any projections on what is going to happen with Chatter, they figure it will be popular but were reluctant to make predictions based on wide-scale adoption. It is in Salesforce’s best interest to make sure Chatter is successful because even modest adoption would ensure a level stickiness that their current applications may not even enjoy.

Just try and take away someone’s Facebook and you will understand stickiness!

If employees only want to use Twitter, they probably won’t like Chatter.

So how much does it cost? For existing Salesforce customers who have already purchased seat of Sales or Service Cloud, those seats will get Chatter at no cost, which is good deal. For those employees who don’t have Salesforce seats but want to have limited access to Chatter, the pricing is $50/seat/month. After talking to a product manager on the Dreamforce show floor about this, it seems like a lot of money for almost no functionality. My guess is that when they roll out Chatter later in 2010, they will have a better thought out plan around pricing

In the end, the Chatter strategy makes a lot of sense. The customers I spoke to about it really like it and I will anxiously await the official launch in 2010.

I often hear the question, “What is the difference between Software-as-a-Service and Cloud Computing?”  The answer is that the Cloud is a utility based resource that companies can use to deliver software and services.  This can sometimes even be more confusing when Cloud Computing is referred to as Platform-as-a-Service.  SaaS is really the business model associated with the delivery of that software and services.

Until recently, it was a difficult for both customers and SaaS providers to use the Cloud to deliver robust, enterprise-class solutions because the Public Cloud was not really industrial strength.  There are real issues in using a Public Cloud solution for your SaaS offering today including security, integration, manageability, data location, auditing, reporting and overall compliance.

Computer Weekly - Top Five Cloud Computing Security Issues

ComputerWorld - Twitter Breach Revives Security Issues with Cloud Computing

One scary revelation that I heard recently is that the same billing system that is used in Amazon’s EC2 service is also the one that is used to buy that big screen TV at Amazon.com.  That might turn out to be an  issue if you were trying to maintain your SAS70 or Sarbanes-Oxley certification.

There have been a lot recent announcements regarding new Virtual Private Cloud offerings over the past few months by Amazon, OpSource, Savvis, GoGrid, Sun, IBM, Rackspace because the market is looking for a better alternatives to the Public Cloud.  Some of these Private Cloud offerings are more advanced than others, but the Cloud Computing providers are now moving in the right direction by offering solutions that are hardened to be much more acceptable to enterprise customers.  SaaS providers are also in need of truly reliable infrastructure solutions too, because they have to support their customers with robust SLA’s, especially for their enterprise customers.

Why SaaS providers are happy is because this type of enterprise Infrastructure-as-a-Service approach helps companies:

- Innovation.  It should be possible to try out a new product ideas with a small beta communities and if their tests work, then they can very quickly ‘productize’ them.  Because of the lower cost and rapid availability of resources it should make innovation process more productive.  How often do I remember working with someone on a Friday afternoon and them spending their entire weekend building out their idea. Now with this type of utility computing approach you can take it from concept to rollout much faster.

- Faster time to value.  Based on the Private Cloud product that I recently saw demonstrated, you can initially set up a secure, multi-tenant instance of your favorite infrastructure in less than 30 minutes and then create additional instances in just a couple of minutes.

- Security. Being able to leverage infrastructure that can pass muster when a customer’s Chief Security Officer is reviewing your offerings.  Even some small and medium sized businesses are publicly traded and operate globally and even these smaller firms have the same types of compliance and regulatory constraints that large companies have.  Private Clouds will make using a Cloud-based infrastructure more realistic for SaaS firms selling to these types of organizations (ie. most of them).

Then there are all the other benefits of pay-as-you-go and scalability that come with Cloud Computing, which are always of value to a SaaS company.

For software companies who haven’t already rewritten or moved over to a SaaS model already, a Private Cloud may offer other benefits.  There are still many companies who are concerned about not being able to offer a multi-tenant, SaaS solution to their customers and prospects.  Leveraging a Private Cloud type of infrastructure for these non-SaaS software firms, allows them to develop a migration path to SaaS that is much more affordable and realistic than in the past.  The days of building out your own data center, or even your own cage in someone else’s data center, are coming to an end.

Face it, even the Obama administration is rolling out their own Cloud based initiative - Apps.gov.  It is still quite early but Private Clouds will really speed the adoption of Cloud Computing by the majority of SaaS companies over the next five years.

SMB Financial Productivity Software

There is an increasing number of Software-as-a-Service (or SaaS) firms jumping into the smallest end of the Small and Medium-size Business (SMB) market, and they are offering a variety of office productivity solutions. This is the fastest growing segment of the economy according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics there are up to 21 million self-employed consultants and small firms in the US.

This has traditionally been the sweet spot in the market for companies like Microsoft. Although most customers are somewhat happy with their offerings, Microsoft offerings tend to be cumbersome, packed with way too many features, hard to use and upgrade.

A new set of SaaS providers has emerged with products designed specifically for the small business owner. These packages are all delivered through the Internet as a service, so no more visits to Best Buy were required. Many of these new software services are very low cost and some were even free, and because of this, the adoption of these products has been rapid.

This Sector Report is only covers the incumbent software provider and the promising new SaaS suppliers.

Office Productivity Suite Profiles

Microsoft

Microsoft Office $$

Word, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint and many other productivity products.

Microsoft has owned the SMB office-based software market for at least the last ten years. Their suite is large and includes all the main office productivity software modules.

Microsoft Office has been delivered as shrink-wrapped software. Microsoft is now experimenting with delivering their products through the Cloud along with using their Azure operating system. Most alternative office solutions are SaaS-based.

There are millions of Microsoft Office customers.

Public company (NASDAQ: MSFT)

New Alternatives

Google

Google Documents Free and $

On-demand documents, spreadsheets, calendar, presentations, email and more.

Some applications are very similar to the depth of functionality you would find in the Microsoft Office suite of products. Other Google Apps offer very lightweight functionally and don’t appear to be very useful. All Google Apps are delivered through the Cloud as a subscription offering. Google provides for free usage for up to three users and then offer the applications for $50/user per month.

Approximately 10 million users and 1 million customer companies.

Estimated 3,000 companies are signing up for Google Apps per day.

Public company (NASDAQ: GOOG)

AdventNet

Zoho Productivity and Collaboration Free and $

On-demand documents, spreadsheets, calendar, presentations, email and more.

Most of the Zoho applications have similar functionality to Microsoft’s products and provide many other capabilities beyond their Office suite. The Zoho application suite has better functional depth than Google Documents. All products are delivered through a SaaS subscription model.

Estimate 1.2 million users/customers.

Private company based in California and India. 250 employees.

Yahoo!

Zimbra Collaboration Suite Free and $

Hosted documents, calendar and email.

Hosted, open source applications that are less functionally rich than Microsoft, Google or Zoho offerings. One concern with using Zimbra is that if Microsoft finally purchases Yahoo! they might shut Zimba down and force their users to use Microsoft Office.

Estimate hundreds of thousands of users/customers.

Public company (NASDAQ: YHOO)

Other players in the SMB Office software market include Sun Microsystems StarOffice, Apple’s iWork, and Corel’s WordPerfect suite. Small businesses have many choices when considering an Office productivity suite and many of the best options are for free.

Small businesses are actively looking for ways to save money and using any of the SaaS-based office productivity tools will very quickly pay dividends. For example the City of Washington D.C. decided to switch from using Microsoft Office and related software to Google Apps and is now saving nearly $3.5 million annually.

Given the current state of the economy, many individuals are now setting up their own businesses. Using these new subscription-based Office Productivity tools can not only be very affordable for start-up your businesses but also give the consultant or SMB many of the same capabilities they had at their larger firms.

The good news is that there is no shortage of SaaS-based Office products out there to choose from and this is just a top line summary of what is available. Many of these products are available at very attractive price points, including many who are free. Given the experience that the City of Washington D.C., using these solutions not only can save a lot of money but also make SMB’s more competitive in this tough economic environment.